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Sedgwick County was established on April 9, 1889, formed from the northeastern corner of Logan County and named in honor of General John Sedgwick. Long before its official creation, the area played a significant role in early transportation routes across the plains.

The Leavenworth and Pikes Peak Express, the first regular stagecoach line serving the Colorado gold camps, entered the state through what is now Sedgwick County. One of its key stations was Julesburg, named for French fur trader Jules Beni. For about six months in 1867, Julesburg served as the western terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad, earning a reputation as a wide‑open, rowdy frontier town.

The present town of Julesburg was laid out by the Union Pacific Railroad Company on July 2, 1884, and incorporated in 1886.

The original route of the L. & P. P. Express entered Colorado along the south side of the Republican River in what is now Yuma County. The first stagecoach on this route arrived in Denver on May 7, 1859, and the last on June 7, 1859, when the line shifted to the Platte River (Julesburg) route. The first stage on the new route reached Denver on July 7, 1859.

In October 1860, the stage line was reorganized as the Central Overland and Pikes Peak Express and continued operating along the Platte River corridor. In February 1862, the line was purchased by Ben Holliday, who initially kept the C.O.C. & P.P. name before later renaming it Holliday’s California Express. In the late 1860s, Holliday sold the line to Wells Fargo, marking another transition in the region’s transportation history.